明代归有光《三吴水利录》述评

《三吴水利录》是明代归有光编著的一部专论太湖流域水利问题的著述.该书比较全面地记载了此前有关太湖流域水利的诸家之说,清晰点评了诸家的观点,在前人对太湖流域水患原因探讨的基础上,深入分析了太湖流域水灾的成因,并提出治理太湖流域水患的基本思路和具体措施.它是一部颇具特色且影响较大的关于太湖流域水利史的著作.     

甘肃省藓类植物新纪录

报道了分布于白龙江流域的甘肃省藓类植物的1个新纪录科,8个新纪录属和66个新纪录种．新纪录科是四齿藓科（Tetraphidaceae）,新纪录属是白氏藓属（Brothera）,圆口藓属（Cyroweisia）,异蒴藓属（Lyellia）,拟白发藓属（Paraleucobryum）,平珠藓属（Plagiopus）,锯齿藓属（Prionidium）,扭毛藓属（Streblotrichum）和四齿藓属（Tetraphis）,新纪录种为白氏藓（Brotheraleana）,短颈圆口藓（Gyroweisia brevicoulis）,宽果异蒴藓（Lyellia platycarpa）,拟白发藓（Paraleucobryum enerve）和长叶拟白发藓（P．longifolium）等．     

Detection of 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin and its geological implication

Thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） causes increasing of sulfur content in the oils, reduction of oil quality, and produces a toxic and corrosive H2S which may take great adverse effect on health and equipment. Although there are several ways to identify presence of TSR in gas field, yet in the case of oil with low H2S content, it is still very difficult to identify TSR. 2-thiaadamantanes is one of the most effective indicators of TSR. This paper for the first time discovers 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin. A silver nitrate silica gel chromatography was used to enrich the oil from low 2-thiaadamantanes content to the level that GC/MS and GC/MS/MS can detect. 2-thiaadamantanes were assigned by comparison of mass spectra with published data, and the fragmental ions in mass spectra were confirmed by MRM mode of GC/MS/MS. H2S gas produced in Tazhong area is thought to be generated from TSR since 2-thiaadamantanes were present in the oil.     

Deep structure at northern margin of Tarim Basin

In this paper, a 2D velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle of the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （TB） has been obtained by ray tracing and theoretical seismogram calculation under the condition of 2D lateral inhomogeneous medium using the data of seismic wide angle reflection/refraction profile from Baicheng to Da Qaidam crossing the Kuqa Depression （KD） and Tabei Uplift （TU）. And along the Baicheng to Da Qaidam profile, 4 of the 10 shot points are located in the northern margin of the TB. The results show that the character of the crust is uniform on the whole between the KD and TU, but the depth of the layers, thickness of the crust and the velocity obviously vary along the profile. Thereinto, the variation of the crust thickness mainly occurs in the middle and lower crust. The Moho has an uplifting trend near the Baicheng shot point in KD and Luntai shot point in TU, and the thickness of the crust reduces to 42 km and 47 km in these two areas, respectively. The transition zone between the KD and TU has a thickest crust, up to 52 km. In this transition zone, there are high velocity anoma- lies in the upper crust, and low velocity anomalies in the lower crust, these velocity anomalies zone is near vertical, and the sediment above them is thicker than the other areas. According to the velocity distributions, the profile can be divided into three sections： KD, TU and transition zone between them. Each section has a special velocity structural feature, the form of the crystalline basement and the relationship between the deep structure and the shallow one. The differences of velocity and tectonic between eastern and western profile in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin （NMTB） may suggest different speed and intensity of the subduction from the Tarim basin to the Tianshan orogenic belt （TOB）.     

鄂尔多斯盆地长8、长6天然裂缝差异性研究及其对开发的影响

通过野外露头、岩心观察、成像测井以及压裂施工曲线等资料的对比,认为鄂尔多斯盆地长8、长6特低渗储层天然裂缝发育程度差异较大,裂缝分布规律性明显.西南物源储层天然裂缝没有东北物源和湖盆中心储层天然裂缝发育.结合微地震监测资料,研究了天然裂缝发育程度对压裂缝控制作用,在天然裂缝发育区,由于人工压裂缝可能沿天然裂缝延伸,形成较大的有效渗流面积,因此,油田开发井网部署不仅要研究最大主应力方向,而且还要研究天然裂缝的发育程度,天然裂缝发育区适当放大井排距下仍能建立有效压力驱替系统,提高单井控制储量,降低水淹风险,这对指导特低渗油田注水开发具有重要的意义.     

塔里木盆地北部于奇地区东河砂岩油气成藏与勘探前景

东河砂岩是塔里木盆地勘探热点之一.以成盆、成烃和成藏理论为指导,应用储层预测、流体包裹体分析等技术和方法,综合研究了于奇地区东河砂岩油源条件、储集条件、保存与储盖组合、圈闭条件、油气成藏期次与成藏过程.结果表明,区内油源主要来自阿克库勒凸起南部寒武系—下奥陶统烃源岩,油源较充足,具有一定的资源潜力;储集层类型以孔隙型为主,为中等容积、中等渗透性能储层,有利的储层分布区位于于奇东部地区的东南一带;储盖组合为下储上盖式,盖层封盖能力好;圈闭类型主要为非构造圈闭,至少发生了一次油气注入成藏期即喜山早期.提出今后勘探应突破传统的构造圈闭的束缚,坚持以寻找多类型圈闭特别是地层圈闭为原则.     

储量增长预测模型的对比分析

在调研国内外油气储量增长趋势预测研究的基础上,分析了翁旋回、龚帕兹、逻辑斯谛和高斯模型中各参数的地质含义和对曲线形态的控制作用.应用以上4种模型对苏北盆地2006—2030年石油储量增长趋势进行了预测.在预测效果上,左偏型的翁旋回和龚帕兹模型比对称型的逻辑斯谛和高斯模型更符合我国含油气盆地的储量增长特点.     

塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组沉积相与沉积模式研究

塔里木盆地志留系各组的沉积环境不尽相同,沉积体系也存在较大差别.通过详细的岩心观察和描述,结合测井资料、区域地质资料及各种分析鉴定化验资料,在岩性分析和沉积构造研究的基础上,对塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组的沉积特征与沉积相进行了全面的研究,认为塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组主要发育三角洲、河口湾与潮坪沉积体系.在沉积体系研究的基础上,建立了相应的沉积模式.     

相对盖层厚度封闭效应及其应用

提出了相对盖层厚度封闭效应的概念,并从理论、实验、实际应用3个方面论证了相对盖层的厚度封闭效应.理论上根据非达西流的渗流公式,油气的驱动压力梯度只有达到盖层启动压力梯度时才能穿过盖层发生渗漏.地层和流体性质确定时,启动压力梯度不变.随盖层厚度增加,盖层封闭油气不渗漏所能承受的油气的驱动压力增加,能封住的油气柱高度增加.实验中将盖层岩心进行拼接后测得的突破压力随岩心拼接长度增加而增加,且与拼接前测得的各段岩心突破压力之和成正相关的关系.相对盖层厚度封闭效应作为封盖机理之一,可以很好地解释柴达木盆地第四系生物气藏高孔渗、低突破压力的盖层条件下形成工业气藏的原因.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长6时期沉积体系特征及发育模式

通过岩石学、沉积学、古生物学和地球物理等方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部进行了详细的沉积相研究,建立了盆地两侧的沉积模式.认为研究区长6油层组沉积时主体为湖泊三角洲环境,沉积体系发育类型多样,主要有三角洲、湖泊及浊流沉积.在沉积过程中,大部分地区表现为加积型-进积型三角洲,浊流为南部三角洲前缘垮塌成因.根据研究区南北两侧三角洲发育特点,结合盆地形态,认为北部为浅水型缓坡三角洲,而南部为深水陡坡型三角洲及浊流沉积,长6时期从早到晚表现为一个强烈进积作用过程.沉积体系的研究将有助于盆地今后油气勘探的部署.